The Parisian club has now claimed the season-opening cup on fourteen different times.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the match between the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side struck two times in the closing moments to take a surprise lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before the defender unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a crucial leveler in the final seconds to send the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping crucial attempts from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all converted successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing penalty win.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the last thirteen years.